Pelvic Pain

Pelvic Pain [Lower Abdominal Pain]

Pelvic pain is pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis. In females, it can be related to the reproductive, urinary, or gastrointestinal systems and musculoskeletal structures.

The character of pelvic pain depends on the cause—whether it is dull or severe, constant or recurring, and whether it is mild or severe. In others, pelvic pain may radiate to the buttocks, lower back, or thighs. In some instances, the pain is precipitated by urination or intercourse.

Pelvic pain is either acute or chronic:

• Sudden onset of pelvic pain is acute pelvic pain, which can be severe and stabbing.
• Chronic pelvic pain is pain that lasts for six months or more, either constantly or intermittently.

Causes of Pelvic Pain

There are many medical conditions that can cause pelvic pain. It can be caused by the reproductive, digestive, or urinary systems, or by musculoskeletal causes. Recent medical studies have also identified the role of pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues in some forms of chronic pelvic pain. In others, irritation of pelvic nerves can also be a causative factor.

Pelvic Pain Related to the Female Reproductive System

Pelvic pain in females can be associated with the following conditions:

• Adenomyosis
• Ectopic pregnancy (or other pregnancy-related conditions)
• Endometriosis
• Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
• Miscarriage (before the 20th week) or intrauterine fetal death
• Mittelschmerz (ovulation pain)
• Ovarian cancer
• Ovarian cysts
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes)
• Vulvodynia

Other Possible Reasons for Pelvic Pain (Men and Women)

• Appendicitis
• Crohn's disease
• Long-term constipation
• Colon cancer
• Diverticulitis
• Intestinal obstruction
• Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
• Fibromyalgia
• Inguinal hernia
• Interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome)
• Kidney stones
• History of physical or sexual trauma
• Spasm of the pelvic floor muscles
• Prostatitis (prostatic inflammation)
• Psychological factors
• Ulcerative colitis

When to Seek Medical Attention

Sudden and severe pelvic pain can be a sign of a medical emergency that needs immediate attention. It is important to seek the advice of a healthcare professional if:

• The pain is new and sudden.
• It interferes with your daily life.
• afIt has become progressively worse.daf

Early medical assessment can identify the underlying cause and facilitate proper treatment to relieve discomfort and avoid complications.

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